A Legislative Debate On Education

There’s still time to get your questions about education issues to the organizers of a legislative forum that will be held Thursday October 28, at City Hall, in the Community Room starting at 6:30. The organizers are hoping that the conversation about US Educational Reform gets some play with the following invitees:

State Senator Bob Duff

Challenger Artie Kasmissis

State Rep Chris Perone

Challenger Joanne Romano

State Rep Larry Cafero

Challenger Anna Duleep

State Rep Peggy Reeves

Challenger Gail Lavielle

State Rep Bruce Morris

Unopposed

The format is the at 6:30 there’s a mingling with the flunkies start, then at 7:00 pm the State Senate Candidates will discuss education followed by the State Reps at  8:00 pm. On tap in terms of areas of discussion are the following issues:

  • School funding/race to to the top
  • Leadership
  • Achievement gap
  • Teacher evaluation/accountability
  • union/salaries/tenure/promotion
  • live questions from the audience

The forum is organized by rED Apples of Norwalk and the League of Women Voters.  For more information email redapples@redapplesnorwalk.org.

EDUCATION FORUM
Thursday, October 28, 6:30pm – 9:00pm
Community Room at City Hall
125 East Avenue
Norwalk

  • Kurm Udgeon

    What a sham. Why wasn’t it just called a large debate, rather than an education forum. No matter which of these flunkies win these upcoming elections, education will be like mass transit….. MIA in their daily pol existence. There will never be education reform until we take our rightful place as the third world country we have become. As long as education remains politicized and held captive to unions we will continue to fall behind. Until we have accountability in all aspects of the educational system, we will continue to have an achievement gap (and that includes holding parents accountable for the actions of their children).Until we have a manufacturing base in this country, where students who are not suited to college can go to trade schools and learn useful life skills, we will continue to be on this downward slide of educational stagnation which we cannot politicize our way out of. Until the voters of Norwalk stop electing idiots like Bruce Morris, I fear that we are lost. It’s time for this rant to end, but thank you for the opportunity to speak my mind.

  • Lisa Thomson

    Kurm Udgeon

    Hope you can come to the debate and ask some questions !!! We at R.Ed. A.P.P.L.E.S. are publicly, politely and persistently putting pressure and accountablity on ALL of the stakeholders in the education process: local and state politicians, Bd of Ed. members, administrators, teachers, unions, business, taxpayers, parents and kids. With the help of outside influences, not the least of which is a new Superintendent, we are hoping to put the spotlight on Norwalk’s public schools. It’s not an easy fix AND will require Norwalkers to work together.

  • Captain Kickbutt

    Positive, polite, public, persistent, pressure.
    Perfect.
    Keep up the excellent work.
    We can and will right our ship and set a true course.

  • Linda has pie 4 kids 2

    Rumour has it that Vince McMahon, owner of the 500,000,000 globally viewed network WWE, is cuurently in top secrete negotiations with some coporation that is going to provide pies for all attendees at Tues show in Bridgeport at Harbor Yard. (Election Day). Hey,if tickets are 65 dollars a pop, more than a days wages, for many of us, better be some great pie and more than just a nibble too, need super family size pie not some stale off the shelf, sitting on warehouse since 1996, mini pie or I am gonna want my money back and I wont let my kids watch the show no more. Darn if it waint so durn spensive ida bringin the whole gosh darn FAMILY clan in to get us some of that pie.

  • The stats.

    Have that double shot of caffine this morning yet?

    Sit down here is another.

    It was warm and a bit muggy outside, a fortnight before witching hour but inside the air was thick and it felt mighty cold in the bones.

    The windows were frosting over, amazingly so, with all the hot air blowing around, obscuring the busy travelers hurrying outside somewhere, anywhere but here. It felt like watching a very low dough, no dough, bankrupted studio, retread of back to the future. I could see zombies peering in the windows and I began to wonder, is that a reflection from the frost on the window pane. Maybe the zoombies were inside. Grrr, shake that off.
    Everytime I am in one of these caucus’es the orginal walking dead flick keeps replaying in my head. Its scary. Looking around these meetings its real scary. No wonder…

    Don’t know how to bake any pie, prefer cupcakes but do know the kids are not getting a fair slice. It was disheartening to hear all the republicans still chanting about cutting services, including education, in a forum (about) education.

    Only two candidates, (both dems) appeared to have a clue, did their home work and appeared to understand the challenges. It was encouraging to see Anna Duleep out there swinging so passionately for education. It was such a refreshing delight to witness Anna summon that courage to call out her opponent Larry Cafero on the carpet regarding his long standing, for profit, contract with the BOE as the districts expulsion hearing officer.Witnessing Anna blossom into a dedicated passionate community advocate? Priceless. Proud of you Anna as without doubt your family is also. Cafero has repeatedly voted against and to delay CT’s new school suspension law. Conflict? Hmmm. How many kids has this guy tossed into the abyss? How much money has Cafero collected bouncing kids to prison? Cafero’s father is the dreaded, eviction sheriff kicking families from their homes onto the streets for the cruel, greedy and oftentimes corrupt bankers. Must be in the blood. Runs, cold, only. Nice work Anna, keep swinging.

    Cafero was all about the knife. Head surgeon and self appointed chief chopper. Can’t let this guy anywhere near a chainsaw. Sorry kids your art, music teachers and sports teams, buzzzz, whack!! Hey the money has to come from somewhere, anywhere but Cafero’s pocket.

    What’s in your lunchbox kid? A sandwich AND an apple. You don’t, NEED that apple, I’ll take that. And give me that trombone, get your parents to buy you a walkman if you want music. No ball playing allowed. You’ll break a window. Now, move along. You kids don’t know nothing and you will never know nutin. I’ll see to that. I know whats good for you and your parents.

    Really, YOU do, Larry? You know whats best for the students? Really? And you can you say that with a straight face and look the kids in the eye?
    Take a stroll in the projects Larry, the kids would love to see you, real time, up close and personal. No guts, no glory, pal.

    Peggy Reeves held her own, barely, but Peggy is a striking contrast to her opponent and wannabe somebody, Gail Laville, who simply has no idea where the light switch is, at all. Maybe Gail could start her own oyster clothing line, or bar. Gail would be great at Costco passing out toothpicks of cheese whiz on crackers. Or maybe we could put her on a segway and she could be the ticket girl. Got the attitude for it. Give her some perspective she lacks of the comprehension of logistics and physic’s of the actual marketing and operating of a business bottom up, in grass roots sort of way.. Being a Secretary for a bean counter on bottom of the food chain, is somehow projected as Gail being seleceted as businees woman of the year on the cover of women’s financial times You know Gail at some point you have to actually get in there and bake a cake if you want to run a bakery. Think? This is another one of them years, where do these people come from and do they drink the same tap water I drink?

    JoAnne Romano, also a long time wanna be, current and former sitting town council member, with her new Sarah Palin doo, is challenging incumbent Chris Perone. Romano stumbled and stammered her way through the clock. Romano appears to be permanently relinquished back stage, to the not ready for prime time player, wheel of fortune, lucky lotto, stand by for Scabilia, in case of emergency, blue room. Maybe Joanne can get Scablia to give her on upgrade to the purple room where Palin is waiting in.

    Duff spent the entire time ducking and repeating the word collaboration, (think he even spelled it out at one point), must be code for something. I think I know but I aint spilling the beans. At the first opportunity, in a roomful of cold republicans, Duff ducked out. Duff didn’t wear his long johns and spent all his time trying to explain he doesn’t have anything to do with education just bankers and real estate. Are we missing something here? What a platform to run on. Bob please tell us why we passed legislation on banks and now the banks tripled, quadrupled their fee structures around legislation. Nice work there tonto, turned an arrow into a boomerang. No mention of the food channel debacle he wasted all that energy on. One move that wasn’t well thought out, surprisingly for Bob. Smart enough not to go near Murdoch. Bob is a great traffic reporter though, has all them smoke signals down pat. If by some bizarre chance Bob loses we can always put him up in the chopper and do traffic reports like good ole Morgan Kaolin did for us for decades. Wait we have traffic cameras now to our cell devices and gps connected traffic monitoring. Well can definitely picture Bob doing the weather cant you?. Right now, he needs just a bit more seasoning right where he is. the weather gig is gonna have to wait. Duff does deserves a family mini van full off kudos for strongly supporting the education bills that were able to get out of committee and through to a vote. With such a strong record on education, should hw not be promoting and touting that and not the mess the banks and homeowners are in. Bob gets a C- for his official committee assignments, been using the lay low in the back corner strategy, trying his earnest not to be a lightening rod, carefully choosing every word, every action as well as inaction but he has consistently stood tall on education issues, very actively involved, even leading and guiding, even though, like he says, its not his job. Seems Bob would be a better fit on the education and/or transportation committees. Bob gets a A+ on those issues, does he not? Maybe that’s something we can collaborate on get him where he can do the most good rather than receive the most prestige. He has been a strong supporter for education. Education seems like a better platform with his solid record, on proactive reforms, to run a platform on rather than the housing and financial atrocities unresolved and ongoing on his watch but he appears gun shy to get too close to the front lines. Sound instinct for self preservation but doesn’t get the job done.

    Artimus Kasimmis, the ultimate chameleon. This guy just doesn’t give up. Reminds us of hometown cowboy comedian Scott Merrill. Artimus is the guy crooning karaoke, way off key, at the fat old boys bar, not realising everyone already went home. AK just keeps on running and running, for anything and everything. Maybe he will get lucky someday,Than again perhaps not. No doubt a heavy lotto player, also. Maybe there is an opening coming up at the dump scales we can give him. He might like playing with the tractors. Keep him out of our hair for a while.

    Absent were any school administrators, (silly local forums are not in the contract), although Dr. Marks, the districts new Superintendent, did humbly and graciously make an appearance. Guess everyone else on the third floor lives out of town. Did expect, for some odd reason, more teachers to attend but alas that is what they pay, union strong arm, Bruce Mellon, the diligent sentinel, for. Right? Can’t miss the new episode of mad men on the tube.

    Alex Johnson, the New Haven (first ever, CT crisis appointed) BOE member and founder of the education reform antipoverty advocacy nonprofits, Conncan.org and RIcan.org as well as 50can.org, made time out of his busy schedule to attend. Thank you Alex. We all appreciate your support and all your “above and beyond the call of duty” efforts.

    Alex is a, fast rising, rock star for education in Connecticut as well as the nation and is making a tremendous difference in uncountable children’s lives. We need to clone education rock stars like Alex Johnson. Jeffery Canada and Michelle Rhee. There are more superstars out there, working hard, quietly, out of the spotlight, not surrendering, up against the most intimidating odds.. But they don’t relent.They deliver like the mailman, through snow, sleet, and hot air. Willing and able to leap the tallest obstacles break through the thickest vault walls not for self gain but for the students and ultimately the collective gain of society.

    All those, working hard for the students, our communities and our nation are true patriots. True American hero’s one and all.
    Long road still ahead but with the true education hero’s, like Alex, like Jefferey, like Michelle, stepping up to the plate, we must and we will turn it around.

    A big tip of the ole motar board to all involved at redapples.org and to all remaining at the LWV for putting the forum together and for attempting to give us some idea who is on the same page and who is completely lost and is in desperate need of tutoring.

    addendum;

    Stacey Lore received a 3 year prison sentence, Corda and Friendlander received pensions. Go figure?

    Round and round we go….

  • http://annaduleep.net Anna Duleep

    I appreciate your thoughtful comments! I must give credit where it is due. BOE Finance Chair Steve Colarossi had the good sense to ask why we are paying a large Hartford law firm for expulsion hearings. If I had not read Lauren Mylo’s story in The Hour (“Finance committee discusses legal services deficit” Nov. 24, 2009), I would never have known Minority Leader Cafero has been billing the BOE all these years. I had assumed a former BOE Chair who had risen to be a partner at Brown Rudnick would do the work pro bono. I applaud Mr. Colarossi for his attention to detail and look forward to reading about the results when the BOE puts out a bid for a less expensive expulsion officer. Any reduction in legal fees is money that can immediately be applied to classroom needs. No need to share with the rest of the state!

  • Steve Colarossi

    Artie Kassimis made some very good points that were unanswered by Sen. Duff.
    First, Kassimis gave a detailed analysis of the Education Cost Sharing formula and how each element disadvantaged Norwalk. Sen. Duff did not share many details about how he would change the formula, nor did he explain why he has allowed the inequity to exist for years.
    Second, Sen. Duff took repeated credit for bringing more money to Norwalk for our schools. However, the ECS formula has an automatic increase built into it–SO ALL DISTRICTS SHOULD GET MORE MONEY EVERY YEAR. If Sen. Duff wants to take credit for that part of the ECS formula, then he must also take responsibility for those parts of the formula that advantage Meriden but disadvantage Norwalk.
    If you examine the total ECS aid Norwalk received from 2002 to 2008, our percentage (of the total ECS grants awarded) decreased!
    Let’s be abundantly clear– two years ago, Sen. Duff didn’t address the inequity of ECS– in fact, quite the opposite, he took credit for the money Norwalk was receiving. This year, because Artie Kassimis is a dad of school children who knows how unfairly Norwalk’s schools are funded by the state (especially compared to Meriden and other smaller towns), the issue is finally being brought to the forefront.
    Like everyone else in Norwalk, I understand Bob Duff’s earnestness and his sincere belief that all the new state mandates for our schools were necessary. But, could he not have at least acknowledged that the bills he supported will have a very real and significant cost on Norwalk? Could he not have spelled out that Norwalk may have to make tough choices, because added state aid will be negligble? The fact that he didn’t, and the fact that that he doesn’t seem to equate the state’s looming budget deficits and unfunded pension liabilities with the past 2 state budgets he voted for, tells me that it’s time for a change.

  • anon

    Ms. Duleep, It would seem that if you expect Mr. Cafero to work pro bono, you, as a teacher, should be willing to do the same for your city. Why don’t you put your name in as a substitute teacher for Norwalk, forego any payment by the district, be on call when needed to help the schools pro bono. Unless, of course, pro bono work is only OK for Cafero but not for you?

    • http://annaduleep.net Anna Duleep

      Great question! FYI, I tutor children at Silvermine and Fox Run elementary schools for free. There are many professional teachers out of work who depend on money they can earn as substitutes. I volunteer in the classroom and with individual students depending on the needs of the teacher. I also teach pro bono for Serving All Vessels Equally, a gang-prevention program in South Norwalk.

  • OLD TIMER

    Ms Duleep did not complain that Cafero gets paid for his services as part of a law firm hired by the board of ed. Her complaint was that, with the way he talks about his service to the City in suspension and expulsion cases, he gives voters the impression he is doing this work out of the goodness of his heart because it is a good community service (pro bono) and that is not honest. She gave credit to Mr Colarossi for bringing the expense, and Mr Cafero’s pay all these years, to light.
    Anybody notice that Mr Cafero has not responded with any information on how profitable this servie to the community has been for him personally ? One has to wonder when he started providing this service. Was he on, or very recently off, the BOE ? Was/is/ there an ethics violation ? Hasn’t he been very vocal about excessive government spending ? Of course $400,000 per year from the BOE could never be considered excessive, could it ? How many suspension or expulsion cases can there be each year ? Would it save money to just pay the miscreant sudent to stay home ?

  • anon

    Old Timer Your facts are wrong. It was $40K and not $400K, it was a budget figure not a payment, it went to a lawfirm, not a person, Colarossi brought up all legal costs, not just suspension officer costs, there was never a hint of wrongdoing by Cafero and I’ve never heard Cafero say he did it for free. Duleep made it sound like Cafero was doing something wrong and she was wrong, it was sleezy of her, the mark of a loser. She should be willing to put her money where her mouth is and work for Norwalk for free if she expects others to.

  • ernest t bass

    Truth be known Anna, S.C. picked that tid bit up from, hmmmm, some local blog, ;) before he even considered running and ran with it orginally with the dems and than he switched parties, used it there. To his credit he has followed follow up on it, sort of, after recieving his seat on the BOE but so far, status quo. New bidding has been “in the works” since he sat down. Kinda of a qusasi modo situation, both being bar members and all.

    Fingers caught in the pie? How many fingers?

    Mr. Colarossi, as usual makes some interesting but obvious points. On who’s scorebaord, would be a good question?

    Whatever happened to that “Parents not Politicians” deal anyway?

    Far as OT’s figures, OT doesn’t need anyone to defend him, he does fine on his own. When you figure in the years and all the deductibles, health benifits and travel expenses the sum may very well even exceed what has been made public thus far. 40X10=400 nearly a half a million annually? Thats a nice chunk a cheese, heck, thats allota cheese now matter which way you slice it. How many new teachers, could that kinda cheese get us? That kinda cheese could put an ipad in every kids hands.

    Its YOUR money and YOUR children.

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5f5hCdyGEYM

    Leave that pie in the window, ernest t. bass, gonna get it, not just a slice, ernest t. bass gonna eat that whole pie all by himself snickering and slobering and your kids get the leftover peanuts from the political education rally for Jimmy Carter.

  • OLD TIMER

    I stand corrected, I said $400,000 a year for expulsion and suspension hearings and that number represents the BOE entire legal bill which does cover some other items. We have lost track of how many times the BOE has been sued by parents of special needs children for failing to meet their educational needs appropriately and lost every case, despite high-priced legal advice. When you know you are going to lose, wouldn’t it save money to avoid the expense of fighting a lawsuit by agreeing to what you know the court is going to require ? In most of these cases, the court has ordered the BOE to comply with the law and makes special arrangements for special needs students.
    Ms. Duleep is correct that it is misleading for Cafero to brag about his “public service” to the community as if it was pro bono, when it always been “business as usual”. I questioned the appearance of ethics violations for a BOE memeber, or past memeber, to solicit the BOE legal work when he is, or has been, a familiar leadership figure on that board. The history of the BOE’s relationship with Cafero’s law firm is worth taking a look at.

  • Steve Colarossi

    I did examine the legal cost issues at one of the first Finance Committee meetings. At that time it was revealed that the expulsion hearing officer invoices were included in the total of all other legal bills.

    There were three serious problems with how the school department was using lawyers (for special ed, negotiations and general advising purposes): 1- we weren’t making use of the tremendous talent of the City’s in-house corporation counsel, 2- there were no checks on who could call the school department’s lawyers so we had numerous administrators creating serious costs for us and 3- the fees had not been looked at for years (for instance, one firm that was being used extensively was charging for travel).
    So, this is what was done. First, I talked with the Mayor who worked with the central office to make corporate counsel available (in fact, they negotiated the superintendent’s contract). Second, the then-interim superintendent directed that only a limited number of people would have direct access to calling the private law firms (it’s a practice that is continuing). Third, a comprehensive RFP was put out and proposals are currently being evaluated.
    From what I had heard about both individuals who handled expulsion hearings, I did not find those costs unreasonable, particularly given the high praise that principals had for the services being provided.

    As for my support of Artie Kassimis, I think that the 2010 Ed “Reform” bill had some serious flaws. The 2010 bill imposed a number of unfunded mandates on Norwalk. A politician would talk in soundbites and praise the vague notions of accountability in the bill (you know establishing a council to look at how to devise some measure of accountability) and its promise of “rigor”. A parent will be concerned about what parts of the already-tight local education budget might have to be sacrificed to fund the added teacher slots the “rigor” will require at the high school level.

    I expect that you will tell me how you want your tax dollars spent on your schools– in fact, I welcome it. I don’t think that a State Senate Committee chairman from Meriden, who gets over one-third of his town’s school budget from the state, has the same right to tell us how to spend your local tax dollars. Artie Kassimis agrees and that’s why I support him. Bob Duff said that he doesn’t “apologize” for his support of the 2010 Ed “Reform” bill, despite the costs it will impose on Norwalk. That’s why I can’t support Bob in this election.

  • john carvel

    Why would Morris have anything to say about an education preparing our children for college? Exactly what does he know about college? What higher education degree does he have? Oh, I forgot, NONE. Great choice BOE.

  • Thought this was a state election debate?

    I’m reading alot of snipes about all local stuff.
    I’ve seen the sample ballot. Don’t think any Board of Ed seats are on it.
    In my neighborhood I have to decide between Joanne (who I know and like) and Chris (who I know, not as well, but also like). Haven’t heard a big difference between them. I guess it’ll all depend on how angry I am with all the incumbents on Tuesday.
    I’m still waiting to see the debate on local tv to help me decide in the state senate race. It’s good to see one elected official give his opinion about how he thinks the 2 guys rate on education. Maybe some of Bob’s supporters on the BOE will give their opinions.

  • Mom wondering

    Part of the, er, federal mandates, resultant of all the investigations and complaints, seperate from policy in D.C., was the feds requirement that all BOE admistators and BOE members as well as teachers of failing districts that recieve Tittle 1 funding attend professional development courses. Is that why Steve is pushing back, he doesn’t want to go back to class? Ah cmon Steve, you can do most of it on your balckberry.

  • HUH?

    “Mom wondering”- what’s up with the cheap shot? Colarossi supported Artie’s comment that Duff never said how he would pay for the the ed reform measures. How do you go from that to some invented story about the feds making board of education members go to mandatory professional development? Once you can respond to that, then maybe you can invent where there was any “pushback’ that Colarossi wouldn’t go to it.
    Listen, my kid was in AT in Middle School that the old interim supt. threatened to cut. Colarossi took the lead and demanded that it not be cut. It was saved. I appreciate what he did and know it was because he was super-prepared for all the Finance Cmt meetings. He’s the guy you’re worried won’t attend your made-up classes?

    • moving forward

      Cheap shot?

      Mom, we can work together to not only educate our children but also ourselves.

      That whole band and pool debacle was Corda’s, (and to his credit), strategy to hold onto his, (our districts), targeted 6% annual increase, which we all know is really 3%.

      What Corda didn’t see coming and refused to acknowledge, was the knockout punch, from the special education students and their parents, in all out war. Which in that context was Corda’s biggest failure. Why the students and parents were ever put into a position to have fight for equal, quality education with the guy who is supposed to be on call and on watch, will forever escape comprehension.
      .
      Colarossi is no superstar, he just stood up at the right time and got caught up in, things, that he didnt and doesn’t understand.
      The work of the BOE, of recent, is to be applauded. Some really good stuff going on, to Steve’s credit as well as Jack’s, Sue’s and Migdalia’s and yes even Jodi, who seems to have awken from her repose. They got a bright tech guy, Poleseli, that is acting swiftly and they found Marks, who intially seemed the exact opposite of what the district needed but Jack and Sue did do their homework. What Marks lacks in experience is far outweighed by her passion and dedication.

      What was inappropriate about Steve’s comments was that it appeared he was courting party partisanship rather than doing what is right for the students. Which is, the platform he successfully ran on, correct?

      One would assume that, with an attorney partnership and his BOE duties and responsibilities, Steve, 1. would be to busy, 2. he would have enough wattage to steer clear.

      For Steve to come out and pronounce that he is of some perceived higher authority and insinuate that Bob hasn’t been their for the kids, the board, the parents, for his community left or right or down the line, well its a slap in the face and a “cheap shot” as you say.

      Are there resource issues? Duh. But Bob puts kids first and has the record to prove it.

      Steve was outta line and he was called on it. He should know better.

      Lets move forward.

  • http://www.redapplesnorwalk.org Lisa Thomson

    I want to thank all the State Senate and House candidates for participating in the Education Debate last Thursday night.

    While our city, state and country for that matter, face many challenges with the economy, hopefully the debate highlighted the need for a well- managed and high performing educational system.

    As one of the largest cities in the state, if elected, candidates should consider the following:
    • Education accounts for nearly two-thirds of Norwalk’s City Budget
    • Everyone in the city contributes their tax dollars to the budget whether they have children in the school system or not and therefore has a vested interest in its operation
    • Connecticut has the largest achievement gap in the country, and as a district, Norwalk has been on the NCLB list for many years
    • Students who do not graduate with the necessary skills for either college or a trade, drive up our city and state unemployment rolls
    • It becomes harder to attract businesses that need skilled labor to Norwalk or the Greater Norwalk Area
    • Norwalk’s desirability as a place to live is greatly impacted by the effectiveness of its school system

    I do not envy the tough choices that our politicians will have to make regarding how best to balance a state budget of uncontrolled spending versus investing in education for the next generation, so as ensure that Connecticut has a future economy. Hopefully, they can find a thoughtful, collective, non-partisan, pragmatic, and strategic path when it comes to funding and leading legislative reform in Connecticut.

    Two education funding initiatives that should be near and dear to all residents of Norwalk are: Race to The Top federal funding, designed to positively drive the operational changes needed in our school system and the blatantly unfair and partisan ECS (Education Cost Sharing) formula in Connecticut which returns only .08 cents on the dollar back to Norwalk.

    The future vibrancy of our city requires businesses that want to invest in a City with an educated employment base and families who want to send their children to the local schools.

    I hope that our politicians keep that in mind when they get to Hartford.

    Thank you to everyone who participated Thursday Night and good luck to the candidates.